There are various experimental and analytic paradigms used in other disciplines. The analytic paradigms involve proposing a set of axioms, developing a theory, deriving results and, if possible, verifying the results with empirical observations. This is a deductive model which does not require an experimental design in the statistical sense, but provides an analytic fmmework for developing models and understanding their boundaries based upon manipulation of the model itself. For example the treatment of programs as mathematical objects and the analysis of the mathematical object or its relationship to the program satisfies the paradigm. Another way of verifying the results is by an existence proof, i.e., the building of a software solution to demonstrate that the theory holds. A software development to demonstrate a theory is different from building a system ad hoc. The latter might be an excellent art form but does not follow a researchparadigm.