Each and every stage of waste management consumes a significant
amount of non-renewable energy or fossil fuel for operational
activities. However, it may be possible to reduce fossil fuel
depletion using recovered energy from WtE plants, with consequent
avoided use of virgin fossil resources. In this study, total fossil
fuel consumption for waste management (e.g diesel fuel for
transportation, natural gas, coal and fuel oil for grid electricity
production) was measured as crude oil equivalents. For fossil fuel
consumption, the characterisation factors are derived relative to
the energy content “oil, crude, feedstock, 42 MJ/kg, in ground” [22].