3.5. Deriving Outcomes
In each project the desired outcomes were identified and defined at the outset of the planning process, which facilitated the development of specific and measurable evaluation metrics at the process (Phase 7), impact (Phase 8), and outcome (Phase 9) evaluation levels. The Model aided systematic classification of factors by their relative importance and capacity for modification for both projects [10, 23]. This ranking system facilitated consideration of the determinants for change at individual, provider, and system levels and allowed for the identification, development, and implementation of tailored interventions with the greatest potential of achieving a positive impact. Evidence suggests that improvement strategies that attend to the highest ranked predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors are those most likely to be successful [10, 24, 25]. Adopting this Model to plan health service improvement helps to optimise the use of scarce health resources (time, personnel, services, finances) by developing interventions that are likely to have the most impact, based on importance and changeability [10].
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4. Applying PRECEDE-PROCEED Model: Two Case Studies
The Model calls for a deductive approach to assessing populations unmet needs. The complexities associated with the impacts on quality of life, health, behavior, the environment, and factors associated with achieving a desired outcome (predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors) for the populations identified as having unmet needs in the two case studies presented in this paper; and how identified health priorities guided subsequent intervention development and evaluation. A summary of the Model's phases as they relate of the R-PAC and APRICIA 2 Projects, are summarized consecutively in the sections below as case studies.
4.1. Phases 1 and 2: Social Assessment and Epidemiological Assessment
Addressing a population unmet needs and improving their quality of life is the Models' aspiration goal. Identifying and evaluating the various social problem(s) which impact on the quality of life of the target populations made undertaking a “social and epidemiological assessment” an important first step towards achieving this goal.
R-PAC Project —
To assist with the systematic identification of local palliative care priorities, a focussed needs' assessment was undertaken at the outset of the project [17]. Synthesis of this data established a link between the priority health problems and the communities' needs and identified that improving the delivery of evidence-based palliative care was a key community priority
3.5. Deriving Outcomes
In each project the desired outcomes were identified and defined at the outset of the planning process, which facilitated the development of specific and measurable evaluation metrics at the process (Phase 7), impact (Phase 8), and outcome (Phase 9) evaluation levels. The Model aided systematic classification of factors by their relative importance and capacity for modification for both projects [10, 23]. This ranking system facilitated consideration of the determinants for change at individual, provider, and system levels and allowed for the identification, development, and implementation of tailored interventions with the greatest potential of achieving a positive impact. Evidence suggests that improvement strategies that attend to the highest ranked predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors are those most likely to be successful [10, 24, 25]. Adopting this Model to plan health service improvement helps to optimise the use of scarce health resources (time, personnel, services, finances) by developing interventions that are likely to have the most impact, based on importance and changeability [10].
Go to:
4. Applying PRECEDE-PROCEED Model: Two Case Studies
The Model calls for a deductive approach to assessing populations unmet needs. The complexities associated with the impacts on quality of life, health, behavior, the environment, and factors associated with achieving a desired outcome (predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors) for the populations identified as having unmet needs in the two case studies presented in this paper; and how identified health priorities guided subsequent intervention development and evaluation. A summary of the Model's phases as they relate of the R-PAC and APRICIA 2 Projects, are summarized consecutively in the sections below as case studies.
4.1. Phases 1 and 2: Social Assessment and Epidemiological Assessment
Addressing a population unmet needs and improving their quality of life is the Models' aspiration goal. Identifying and evaluating the various social problem(s) which impact on the quality of life of the target populations made undertaking a “social and epidemiological assessment” an important first step towards achieving this goal.
R-PAC Project —
To assist with the systematic identification of local palliative care priorities, a focussed needs' assessment was undertaken at the outset of the project [17]. Synthesis of this data established a link between the priority health problems and the communities' needs and identified that improving the delivery of evidence-based palliative care was a key community priority
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