In FA production, depending on the type of neutralizing agent being used, downstream processing
of the fermented broth is performed with different methods. In case the neutralizing agent is
CaCO3, the downstream methods employ mineral acids (HCl or H2SO4) and heat energy for the
recovery of FA from the feebly soluble calcium fumarate (CaC4H2O4) formed during fermentation.
In one method, heating of broth at high temperature (160 °C) followed by acidification
(pH 1.0) is performed for FA recovery [19]. However, the approach consumes a large amount of
energy to maintain the high temperature and also requires especially durable heating equipment,