A survey of almost 300 employers by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1985 found that 28 percent of them had personnel shortages in science and engineering. This shortage is worse today. Indeed, the NSF had predicted a shortage of 675,000 scientists and engineers in the United States by 2006. This is the result of fewer colleges-age people in the United States and the decline in the colleges-age cohort going into science and engineering . Shortages of skilled workers also exist in other fields. Many hospitals are staffed by increasing numbers of foreign-born doctors and nurse. There are also shortages in mathematics and computer science. Although government aid to higher education can induce more to turn to foreign workers, and this trend is likely to accelerate during this decade.