Problem solving occurred when the year 4 teacher noticed it was taking too long for the small ice cube to melt in the sun and so took the students inside to complete one part of the student booklet. A subsequent solution was put forward by a researcher (English) that the students “could have compared one another's creations while waiting”. It appeared that some potential problems may have been diverted as a result of pre-emptive planning. For example, the co-designers of the program discussed the potential difficulty of using syringes as water measures, which was then emphasised with the teachers (n=9) during the trial run.