5 The Content-Transfer-Encoding Header Field
Many Content-Types which could usefully be transported via email are represented, in their "natural" format, as 8-bit character or binary data. Such data cannot be transmitted over some transport protocols. For example, RFC 821 restricts mail messages to 7-bit US-ASCII data with 1000 character lines.
It is necessary, therefore, to define a standard mechanism for re-encoding such data into a 7-bit short-line format. This document specifies that such encodings will be indicated by a new "Content-Transfer-Encoding" header field. The Content-Transfer-Encoding field is used to indicate the type of transformation that has been used in order to represent the body in an acceptable manner for transport.
Unlike Content-Types, a proliferation of Content-Transfer- Encoding values is undesirable and unnecessary. However, establishing only a single Content-Transfer-Encoding mechanism does not seem possible. There is a tradeoff between the desire for a compact and efficient encoding of largely-binary data and the desire for a readable encoding of data that is mostly, but not entirely, 7-bit data. For this reason, at least two encoding mechanisms are necessary: a "readable" encoding and a "dense" encoding.
The Content-Transfer-Encoding field is designed to specify an invertible mapping between the "native" representation of a type of data and a representation that can be readily exchanged using 7 bit mail transport protocols, such as those defined by RFC 821 (SMTP). This field has not been defined by any previous standard. The field's value is a single token specifying the type of encoding, as enumerated below. Formally:
Content-Transfer-Encoding := "BASE64" / "QUOTED-PRINTABLE" /
"8BIT" / "7BIT" /
"BINARY" / x-token
These values are not case sensitive. That is, Base64 and BASE64 and bAsE64 are all equivalent. An encoding type of 7BIT requires that the body is already in a seven-bit mail- ready representation. This is the default value -- that is, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT" is assumed if the Content-Transfer-Encoding header field is not present.
The values "8bit", "7bit", and "binary" all imply that NO encoding has been performed. However, they are potentially useful as indications of the kind of data contained in the object, and therefore of the kind of encoding that might need to be performed for transmission in a given transport system. "7bit" means that the data is all represented as short lines of US-ASCII data. "8bit" means that the lines are short, but there may be non-ASCII characters (octets with the high-order bit set). "Binary" means that not only may non-ASCII characters be present, but also that the lines are not necessarily short enough for SMTP transport.
The difference between "8bit" (or any other conceivable bit-width token) and the "binary" token is that "binary" does not require adherence to any limits on line length or to the SMTP CRLF semantics, while the bit-width tokens do require such adherence. If the body contains data in any bit-width other than 7-bit, the appropriate bit-width Content-Transfer-Encoding token must be used (e.g., "8bit" for unencoded 8 bit wide data). If the body contains binary data, the "binary" Content-Transfer-Encoding token must be used.
NOTE:
The distinction between the Content-Transfer-Encoding values of "binary," "8bit," etc. may seem unimportant, in that all of them really mean "none" -- that is, there has been no encoding of the data for transport. However, clear labeling will be of enormous value to gateways between future mail transport systems with differing capabilities in transporting data that do not meet the restrictions of RFC 821 transport.
As of the publication of this document, there are no standardized Internet transports for which it is legitimate to include unencoded 8-bit or binary data in mail bodies. Thus there are no circumstances in which the "8bit" or "binary" Content-Transfer-Encoding is actually legal on the Internet. However, in the event that 8-bit or binary mail transport becomes a reality in Internet mail, or when this document is used in conjunction with any other 8-bit or binary-capable transport mechanism, 8-bit or binary bodies should be labeled as such using this mechanism.
NOTE:
The five values defined for the Content-Transfer- Encoding field imply nothing about the Content-Type other than the algorithm by which it was encoded or the transport system requirements if unencoded.
Implementors may, if necessary, define new Content- Transfer-Encoding values, but must use an x-token, which is a name prefixed by "X-" to indicate its non-standard status, e.g., "Content-Transfer-Encoding: x-my-new-encoding". However, unlike Content-Types and subtypes, the creation of new Content-Transfer-Encoding values is explicitly and strongly discouraged, as it seems likely to hinder interoperability with little