Lithium ion batteries have been widely applied for portable electronics, and large scale application such as mobile phones, electric vehicles, storage system for solar farm and wind farm. This is due to their high energy density and long-term stability. However, current lithium batteries suffer from low discharge capacity during the fast charge and discharge processes. Thus it is important but challenging to develop high-capacity and high-rate batteries depends on the development of cathode and anode materials.
Rechargeable lithium batteries are considered as one of the most suitable candidates applied for portable electronics.