Thappis study recognises three broad approaches to place theory,
which often ear to be incompatible
Phenomenological and
humanistic approaches explore the deeper significance of place to
human existence and the subjective, emotional quality of people’s
relationship to places. This tradition has been criticised by positivistic
place researchers for the lack of an empirical basis, and by
social place theorists as politically regressive in ignoring the social
forces by which the meaning of place is contested (Creswell, 2004).
A second tradition, which Patterson and Williams (2005) name
psychometrics, explores the relationship between the physical environment
and the human psyche by attributing numeric measures to
psychosocial phenomena such as place attachment and then analysing
this data using quantitative techniques. Grounded in the epistemology
of scientific empiricism, this tradition has been criticised for
reducing holistic phenomena to a mechanistic set of interacting
objective elements, and failing to provide any account of the subjective
aspects of the human experience of place (Malpas, 1999). The
third tradition, social constructivism, while happy to embrace
subjectivity, sees it as a socially constructed phenomenon (Massey,
1994). Constructivist place theorists have been criticised for seeking
to explain place solely in terms of the social processes and failing to
account for the embodied, individuated nature of subjective experience
and the link that the body creates between subjectivity and the
objective material world (Malpas, 1999). Following Patterson and
Williams (2005), this study recognises that a broad discussion of the
phenomenon of place attachment will drawon contributions to place
literature from each of these research approaches.
xl = chest 46-48 neck 17-17.5 sleeve 35-36 waist 40-42
Thappis study recognises three broad approaches to place theory,which often ear to be incompatiblePhenomenological andhumanistic approaches explore the deeper significance of place tohuman existence and the subjective, emotional quality of people’srelationship to places. This tradition has been criticised by positivisticplace researchers for the lack of an empirical basis, and by social place theorists as politically regressive in ignoring the socialforces by which the meaning of place is contested (Creswell, 2004).A second tradition, which Patterson and Williams (2005) namepsychometrics, explores the relationship between the physical environmentand the human psyche by attributing numeric measures topsychosocial phenomena such as place attachment and then analysingthis data using quantitative techniques. Grounded in the epistemologyof scientific empiricism, this tradition has been criticised forreducing holistic phenomena to a mechanistic set of interactingobjective elements, and failing to provide any account of the subjectiveaspects of the human experience of place (Malpas, 1999). Thethird tradition, social constructivism, while happy to embracesubjectivity, sees it as a socially constructed phenomenon (Massey,1994). Constructivist place theorists have been criticised for seekingto explain place solely in terms of the social processes and failing toaccount for the embodied, individuated nature of subjective experienceและการเชื่อมโยงที่ร่างกายสร้างระหว่าง subjectivity และวัตถุประสงค์วัสดุเวิลด์ (Malpas, 1999) ต่อ Patterson และวิลเลียมส์ (2005), ศึกษาตระหนักถึงการที่คำอธิบายเกี่ยวกับสิ่งปรากฏการณ์ของสิ่งที่แนบที่จะจัดสรร drawon การวรรณกรรมจากวิธีวิจัยเหล่านี้xl =อก 46-48 คอแขน 17-17.5 35-36 เอว 40-42
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