MICROWAVE receiver for radar and other electronic
warfare applications require the capability to estimate
the frequency of an unknown microwave signal over a
wide bandwidth. Conventional techniques for instantaneous
microwave frequency measurement are thought to be bulky,
limited in bandwidth, and suffer from electromagnetic interference.
Due to the advantages such as high bandwidth, light
weight, low loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference,
photonic technology for microwave signal processing has been
considered a promising solution recently [1]–[3]. A number of
approaches have been proposed for the measurement of a microwave
frequency in the optical domain [4]–[9]. A microwave
frequency can be measured using an intensity modulator in