6.3.2. Interim discussion
In summary, these results support the hypothesis that the design of multimedia learning material affects learners’ emotional states, and more specifically, that the perceived aesthetic of the learning material affords more positive emotional states in learn- ers. The perceived classical aesthetic even seems to slightly lower negative activation (hypothesis 1.1). Furthermore, the perceived usability marginally reduces negative activation, but affords more positive emotional states (hypothesis 1.2).