The bologna sausages
were fixed with glutaraldehyde (3 g/100 g) in 0.1 mol/L
phosphate buffer (pH 7.2e7.4), post-fixed with osmium tetroxide
(1% with 0.2 mol/L phosphate buffer), washed, dehydrated in
alcohol solutions with increasing concentrations and critical-pointdried
(CPD030 Balzers Critical Point Dryer), sputter-coated with
gold (SCD 050 Sputter Coater, Balzers) and scanned by SEM (JEOL
JSM 5800 LV, Tokyo, Japan) at 10 kV.