Competency is defined as the minimal mental, cognitive, or behavioral ability, trait, or capability that is required for a person to perform a particular legally recognized act or to assume a legal role. Only a judge can determine the competency of an individual. A legal concept, this determination relates to a specific situation, meaning a person may be competent to perform one act but may not be competent to perform another. Applelbaum and Grisso articulate four legal standards for the determination of competency: