A logical path after the occurrence of nonconforming products is to look for and eliminate the causes of these nonconformities, if feasible. This is done by planning, designing, implementing and reviewing adequate corrective actions to prevent existing nonconformities from occurring again, and adequate actions to prevent the occurrence of potential nonconformities. Corrective and preventive actions taken at all stages of planning, design and delivery of programs, courses and research in the faculty (department) are included in this element. Existing and potential nonconformance are identified, for instance, by means of internal Quality Audits, statistical techniques, tests or personal observations.