This evidence suggests that something more than good pivotal questions is needed to generate more student enthusiasm and greater class participation. While you may conclude that the Mr. Bates’s off-hand, lackluster manner of posing questions and the lack of spiraling questioning contributed to the poor result, it is best to lead. Mr. Bates to that very same conclusion by sharing this evidence with him. By preparing a series of leading questions, you will help Bates understand the reasons why student participation was low, and why he will need to continue to work on improving his questioning technique.