The initial phase of Peplau’s theory is orientation. During
this time the patient has health-seeking behaviors. The nurse
is identified as someone who is qualified to help the patient.
This period sets the stage for a more trusting relationship. In
the orientation phase the nurse collects data, makes initial
assessments of the patient’s needs, potential, interests, and
the patient’s inclination to experience fear or anxiety
. It is important for the nurse to establish
boundaries and maintain these during all phases of the process.
Phase two of Peplau’s theory is the working phase,
which is appropriately named because most of the work of
the relationship occurs here. This phase has two sub phases;
identification and exploitation. As the patient makes progress
toward positive health outcomes, the focus is on the
patient’s reactions and the work that the patient needs to
accomplish. During the identification stage, the nurse may
assume various roles. For example, the nurse may be the
care provider, the surrogate parent, the educator or the counselor
(Fawcett, 2010). It is here where the nurse uses professional
knowledge, education, and skill to solve a particular
health problem. This is an important period where the
patient identifies the nurse as consistently helping, providing
unconditional care, and providing empathy. Initially in
the nurse-patient relationship, the nurse may act as a surrogate
parent if the patient is in a developmental stage of infancy
or adolescence. During the working phase power shifts away
from the nurse to the patient as the patient becomes more
independent with personal care. During this time, the nurse
starts activating the discharge plan and acts primarily as an
educator and leader. The final phase of the theory is the termination
phase. This phase allows the nurse and patient to disengage
from the nurse-patient relationship altogether. During
this time, the nurse summarizes the discharge plan and helps
the patient organize actions to progress toward new socially
interdependent relationships. According to Peplau, the termination
of the nurse-patient relationship enhances the patient’s
ability to become more self-reliant in leading a productive
healthier life
The initial phase of Peplau’s theory is orientation. Duringthis time the patient has health-seeking behaviors. The nurseis identified as someone who is qualified to help the patient.This period sets the stage for a more trusting relationship. Inthe orientation phase the nurse collects data, makes initialassessments of the patient’s needs, potential, interests, andthe patient’s inclination to experience fear or anxiety. It is important for the nurse to establishboundaries and maintain these during all phases of the process.Phase two of Peplau’s theory is the working phase,which is appropriately named because most of the work ofthe relationship occurs here. This phase has two sub phases;identification and exploitation. As the patient makes progresstoward positive health outcomes, the focus is on thepatient’s reactions and the work that the patient needs toaccomplish. During the identification stage, the nurse mayassume various roles. For example, the nurse may be thecare provider, the surrogate parent, the educator or the counselor(Fawcett, 2010). It is here where the nurse uses professionalknowledge, education, and skill to solve a particularhealth problem. This is an important period where thepatient identifies the nurse as consistently helping, providingunconditional care, and providing empathy. Initially inthe nurse-patient relationship, the nurse may act as a surrogateparent if the patient is in a developmental stage of infancyor adolescence. During the working phase power shifts awayfrom the nurse to the patient as the patient becomes moreindependent with personal care. During this time, the nursestarts activating the discharge plan and acts primarily as aneducator and leader. The final phase of the theory is the terminationphase. This phase allows the nurse and patient to disengagefrom the nurse-patient relationship altogether. Duringthis time, the nurse summarizes the discharge plan and helpsthe patient organize actions to progress toward new sociallyinterdependent relationships. According to Peplau, the terminationof the nurse-patient relationship enhances the patient’sability to become more self-reliant in leading a productivehealthier life
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