In the last two columns of the table we explore explanation (iii) and compare the liquidity
effects in countries in which IFRS and the enforcement changes are bundled to the effects in
countries without such bundling. Specifically, in Models 6 and 7, we estimate Eq. (2), which
distinguishes between EU countries that bundled the IFRS mandate with enforcement changes
(IFRSEU_ENF), the remaining EU countries (IFRSEU_nonENF), and IFRS adoption countries outside
the EU (IFRSnon-EU). Liquidity increases significantly only in those EU countries that bundle
IFRS adoption with enforcement changes. No such increase is present in the other EU countries
without concurrent enforcement changes, or outside the EU. The IFRSEU_nonENF coefficient is
insignificant in all specifications and much smaller than the IFRSEU_ENF coefficient.34 Thus,
consistent with explanation (iii), the results suggest that concurrent changes in reporting
enforcement (or other factors associated with these enforcement changes) play a crucial role for
the liquidity benefits around IFRS introduction