instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. they give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to othrer in the group . they offer sympathy when someone experiences diffculties or is subject to discipline. are quick to lighten a serious moment wi5h humor ,and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest , expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leader , if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote distant respect