The term transportaion indicates a means or system of conveyance.Transport or transportation is mocment of people, animals and goods from one location to another.Mobility is basic human needs. From the times immemorial, everyone travels either for food or leisure. A closely associated need is the transport of raw materials to a manufacturing unit or finished goods for consumption. Transportation fulfills these basic needs of humanity. From a wider viewpoint, transportation facilities provide the option for work, shopping, recreation and give access to health, education and other amenities. The introduction of transport facilities in modern age has narrowed down the distance of transportation in world devloapment is multidimensional. Transportation engineering is the science of safe and efficient movement of people and goods. It is defined as the application of technological and scientific principles to the planing, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation. In this chapter, role of Transportation, modes of Transportation , road traffic and traffic control and mass Transportation system have been discussed.