SELECT
– lists the attributes or functions to be retrieved.
• FROM
– specifies all relations needed in the query, including joined relations, but not
those in nested queries.
• WHERE
– specifies the conditions for selecting the tuples from these relations, including
join conditions if needed.
• GROUP BY
– specifies grouping attributes
• HAVING
– specifies a condition on the groups being selected rather than on the individual
tuples.
– The built-in aggregate functions COUNT, SUM, MIN, MAX, and AVG are used in
conjunction with grouping, but they can also be applied to all the selected tuples
in a query without a GROUP BY clause.
• ORDER BY
– specifies an order for displaying the result of