Another approach to forming theories is to portray the stages of action that users go
through in trying to use interactive products such as information appliances, office
tools, and web interfaces. Norman (1988) offers seven stages of action, arranged in a
cyclic pattern, as an explanatory model of hwnan-computer interaction:
1. Forming the goal
2. Forming the intention
3. Specifying the action
4. Executing the action
5. Perceiving the system state
6. Interpreting the system state
7. Evaluating the outcome