An indirect approach to determine the degree of hybridization
is through electrooxidation of guanine residues (Palecek
& Bartosik, 2012). The principle of the assay is to oxidize the
free (unpaired) guanine groups thereby leading to a decrease if
full hybridization between immobilized probe and target
DNA. Transition metals along with carbon nanotubes have
found utility in this area primary through enhancing the rate
of electron transfer