Procedures
The bureaucratic procedures for approval and procurement of technology in developing countries are often very cumbersome. It requires a great deal of patience and energy in many developing countries to find a way through the political system to obtain sup- port and funding, prepare tenders, evaluate tenders, award contracts and take delivery of the system. In most cases, by the time the contract is awarded, either the technology intended for use is outdated or the persons promoting such projects are transferred (and often both!). As a consequence, the project is often delayed. All through the developing world there are GIS and related technologies either under-utilized or lying idle for these reasons.