The exact value of this constant was determined in 1843 by English physicist James Joule who found, through a number of all varieties of experiments, that an amount work W expended in the release of 778-pounds downward in gravitational height by one 1-foot results in an amount of heat generation or work-converted-into-heat quantified by a 1° F temperature increase in 1-pound of water. In unit form, Joules measurement is: