Other significant countermeasures to protect the coastline include planting Spartina alterniflora, mangrove afforestation, coral reef transplants, and introducing marine natural reserves.
Since its introduction in the 1980's, over 34 km2 of coastal wetland has been covered by Spartina alterniflora in China.
Mangrove afforestation and coral reef transplants have also been carried out in the south China coastal area as environmentally friendly measures for coastal management, together with the declaration of marine natural reserves. More than 8 300 km2 of coastal land has been protected in this way.
Before the 1960's hard engineering works were mainly built on the Chinese coast, from then on soft engineering solutions became more common. The advantages and disadvantages of the countermeasures taken in China to combat coastal erosion are also dependent upon the country's economic circumstances.
China needs to establish an effective coastal erosion management system, guiding managers and stakeholders to balance environmental and economic needs.
Other significant countermeasures to protect the coastline include planting Spartina alterniflora, mangrove afforestation, coral reef transplants, and introducing marine natural reserves. Since its introduction in the 1980's, over 34 km2 of coastal wetland has been covered by Spartina alterniflora in China. Mangrove afforestation and coral reef transplants have also been carried out in the south China coastal area as environmentally friendly measures for coastal management, together with the declaration of marine natural reserves. More than 8 300 km2 of coastal land has been protected in this way. Before the 1960's hard engineering works were mainly built on the Chinese coast, from then on soft engineering solutions became more common. The advantages and disadvantages of the countermeasures taken in China to combat coastal erosion are also dependent upon the country's economic circumstances. China needs to establish an effective coastal erosion management system, guiding managers and stakeholders to balance environmental and economic needs.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..