In contrast, constructs such as anxiety, self-confidence, anticipation and decision-making are difficult to measure directly and can only be inferred from changes in behaviour over time. The difficulties involved in attempting to verify the effectiveness of interventions that alter behaviour have made it harder to demonstrate the value of such approaches to practitioners. Another reason for the reluctance of those working in the field to embrace more fully the behavioural and social sciences may be due to the historical precedence that certain aspects of player preparation and development should
remain the domain of the coach. Current coaching practice is determined mainly by subjective evidence and the historical precedence established within the club and/or governing body, what others have referred to as the processes of intuition, tradition and emulation (see, for example, Abraham & Collins, 1998; Lyle, 1999), rather than on empirical research.
Several reasons may be advocated for this leaning towards the so-called ‘‘harder’’ sciences. First, it is much easier to evaluate the effectiveness of fitness conditioning programmes than interventions which attempt to change behaviour. Meaningful changes in aerobic and anaerobic capacity or in anthropometric characteristics such as body composition and mass can be easily determined using standard laboratoryand/or field-based measures.
In contrast, constructs such as anxiety, self-confidence, anticipation and decision-making are difficult to measure directly and can only be inferred from changes in behaviour over time. The difficulties involved in attempting to verify the effectiveness of interventions that alter behaviour have made it harder to demonstrate the value of such approaches to practitioners. Another reason for the reluctance of those working in the field to embrace more fully the behavioural and social sciences may be due to the historical precedence that certain aspects of player preparation and development shouldremain the domain of the coach. Current coaching practice is determined mainly by subjective evidence and the historical precedence established within the club and/or governing body, what others have referred to as the processes of intuition, tradition and emulation (see, for example, Abraham & Collins, 1998; Lyle, 1999), rather than on empirical research.Several reasons may be advocated for this leaning towards the so-called ‘‘harder’’ sciences. First, it is much easier to evaluate the effectiveness of fitness conditioning programmes than interventions which attempt to change behaviour. Meaningful changes in aerobic and anaerobic capacity or in anthropometric characteristics such as body composition and mass can be easily determined using standard laboratoryand/or field-based measures.
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