3. Regional disparities can hamper integration
A key challenge for both regions is how to enhance economic progress and regional integration. ASEAN has tried to tackle this through the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI)[4], where the more advanced economies in the Association use the “prosper thy neighbour” approach to address poverty alleviation and economic development in less-developed member states such as Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (the “CLMV” countries). Tagging Vietnam to this group may become more of an anomaly going forward. Only Laos and Myanmar are relatively more reliant on trade within the ASEAN bloc. Vietnam is the least dependent. In terms of absolute value of trade, Vietnam ranks sixth. In terms of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, Vietnam ranks fourth.
The diversity of ASEAN economies and their varying levels of openness presents a unique challenge in achieving regional economic integration under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The stated deadline of 2015 for realising targets for free flow of goods, services, labour and capital has recently been clarified (by the ASEAN Economic Ministers or AEM)[5] as 31 December 2015, in response to queries on the delay of the AEC’s realisation. While ASEAN assures that work will continue in the lead-up to, during, and after 2015, the AEM’s clarification effectively pushes it back . With ASEAN’s regional neighbours – India and China –on the ascendance, ASEAN’s goal of accomplishing a single ASEAN Community by 2015 is now being re-assessed. The 44th AEM and 8th ASEAN Economic Community Council (AECC) meeting in August 2012 have agreed to “double efforts” to achieve the AEC by 2015.
Regional economic integration was the area where the EU’s experience set an example for ASEAN community-building. The EU model of setting clear goals and specific implementation timelines for economic integration was replicated by ASEAN’s enunciation of the AEC Blueprint, followed by the AEC Scorecard that keeps track of implementation (and backsliding).
While the EU faced less of a problem of regional disparities in pursuing economic and monetary integration (with “strong” political will carrying the day) in the past, the EU today is confronting the problem of relatively weak and unstable economies. The financial crisis has exposed the vulnerabilities of the EU economies, especially those in its periphery. Greece’s budget deficits have considerably weakened the EU’s economic position and standing, as have those of Portugal, Ireland, Italy and Spain.
3. ความแตกต่างภูมิภาคสามารถขัดขวางการรวมความท้าทายสำหรับภูมิภาคทั้งสองเป็นวิธีการเพิ่มความก้าวหน้าทางเศรษฐกิจและภูมิภาครวม อาเซียนได้พยายามเล่นงานนี้ผ่านริสำหรับอาเซียนรวม (ไอเอไอ) [4], ซึ่งเพิ่มเติมขั้นสูงเศรษฐกิจใช้สมาคมวิธี "จำเริญเจ้าเพื่อนบ้าน" เพื่อบรรเทาความยากจนและพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจในรัฐสมาชิกได้รับการพัฒนาน้อยกว่าเช่นกัมพูชา ลาว พม่า และเวียดนาม (ประเทศ "CLMV") ติดป้ายเวียดนามกลุ่มนี้อาจเป็นการไปช่วยเพิ่มเติม ลาวและพม่าเท่านั้นค่อนข้างมากกว่าพึ่งพาการค้าภายในค่ายอาเซียน เวียดนามมีอิสระน้อยที่สุด ในแง่ของค่าสัมบูรณ์ของการค้า เวียดนามอันดับหก ในขั้นตอนการลงทุนโดยตรงต่างประเทศ (FDI) เวียดนามอันดับสี่The diversity of ASEAN economies and their varying levels of openness presents a unique challenge in achieving regional economic integration under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The stated deadline of 2015 for realising targets for free flow of goods, services, labour and capital has recently been clarified (by the ASEAN Economic Ministers or AEM)[5] as 31 December 2015, in response to queries on the delay of the AEC’s realisation. While ASEAN assures that work will continue in the lead-up to, during, and after 2015, the AEM’s clarification effectively pushes it back . With ASEAN’s regional neighbours – India and China –on the ascendance, ASEAN’s goal of accomplishing a single ASEAN Community by 2015 is now being re-assessed. The 44th AEM and 8th ASEAN Economic Community Council (AECC) meeting in August 2012 have agreed to “double efforts” to achieve the AEC by 2015.Regional economic integration was the area where the EU’s experience set an example for ASEAN community-building. The EU model of setting clear goals and specific implementation timelines for economic integration was replicated by ASEAN’s enunciation of the AEC Blueprint, followed by the AEC Scorecard that keeps track of implementation (and backsliding).While the EU faced less of a problem of regional disparities in pursuing economic and monetary integration (with “strong” political will carrying the day) in the past, the EU today is confronting the problem of relatively weak and unstable economies. The financial crisis has exposed the vulnerabilities of the EU economies, especially those in its periphery. Greece’s budget deficits have considerably weakened the EU’s economic position and standing, as have those of Portugal, Ireland, Italy and Spain.
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