than are novices, and research partially supports this view (Neale and Northcraft, 1986). Therefore, an important issue to be addressed in future studies is to use professional negotiators and real negotiation situations to examine whether conflict management styles predict actual behaviors and further outcomes. Difficult as it may be, results from such studies will greatly contribute to negotiation scholarship. Using samples from other cultural backgrounds will also increase the external validity of
276 similar studies. Investigating why the competitive approach is so useful in both countries will be another interesting topic for future studies.