Our data indicated that the texture of ice cream will be altered due to fat reduction and change in type and amount of used fat replacers. A reduction in the fat content caused an augmentation in the hardness of low fat ice cream compared to controls, resulting from added ice phase volume . Ice crystal size and ice phase volume contribute to the hardness of ice-cream.stated that the hardness of medium fat ice cream (14.99% fat and 43.95% total solid) was three times greater than the hardness of high fat sample (19.30% fat and 53.16% total solid). In general, the effect of fat replacers blend (MGB) on hardness was insignificantly greater than individual gums at the same concentration except for 0.55% GG which had the highest hardness value (Table 7). Higher level of hardness in 0.55% GG mix compared with BSG and MGB could be related to the ability of BSG to reduce the rate of ice crystal growth in low fat ice cream as stated earlier. The magnitude of instrumental hardness of ice creams was augmented with hydrocolloids concentration (P < 0.05). Muse and Hartel (2004) stated that the rheological properties have the main effect on the hardness of ice cream in such a way that the resistance of sample to penetration increased by viscosity enhancement. In addition, Soukoulis et al. (2008) observed hardness of regular ice cream increased with xanthan, guar, CMC and sodium alginate percentage which caused by the control of recrystallization through the microviscosity enhancement, and cryogelation.
Adhesiveness provides another revelation of the effect of the microstructure on the macroscopic properties which defined as the work necessary to overcome the attractive forces between the surface of the food product and the surface of other materials which it comes in contact with (Clarke, 2004). As demonstrated in Table 7, the effect of fat content and fat replacer concentration on the adhesiveness of samples was found similar to the results of the hardness. At lower gum concentrations, there were not any significant differences between adhesiveness of three gum systems at the same concentrations, but at higher concentrations, MGB mixes showed the least value of this property. Likewise hardness, maximum value of adhesiveness was associated with 0.55% GG mixes. The result is in agreement with the reported findings of other researches (Akalin et al., 2008).
Our data indicated that the texture of ice cream will be altered due to fat reduction and change in type and amount of used fat replacers. A reduction in the fat content caused an augmentation in the hardness of low fat ice cream compared to controls, resulting from added ice phase volume . Ice crystal size and ice phase volume contribute to the hardness of ice-cream.stated that the hardness of medium fat ice cream (14.99% fat and 43.95% total solid) was three times greater than the hardness of high fat sample (19.30% fat and 53.16% total solid). In general, the effect of fat replacers blend (MGB) on hardness was insignificantly greater than individual gums at the same concentration except for 0.55% GG which had the highest hardness value (Table 7). Higher level of hardness in 0.55% GG mix compared with BSG and MGB could be related to the ability of BSG to reduce the rate of ice crystal growth in low fat ice cream as stated earlier. The magnitude of instrumental hardness of ice creams was augmented with hydrocolloids concentration (P < 0.05). Muse and Hartel (2004) stated that the rheological properties have the main effect on the hardness of ice cream in such a way that the resistance of sample to penetration increased by viscosity enhancement. In addition, Soukoulis et al. (2008) observed hardness of regular ice cream increased with xanthan, guar, CMC and sodium alginate percentage which caused by the control of recrystallization through the microviscosity enhancement, and cryogelation.Adhesiveness provides another revelation of the effect of the microstructure on the macroscopic properties which defined as the work necessary to overcome the attractive forces between the surface of the food product and the surface of other materials which it comes in contact with (Clarke, 2004). As demonstrated in Table 7, the effect of fat content and fat replacer concentration on the adhesiveness of samples was found similar to the results of the hardness. At lower gum concentrations, there were not any significant differences between adhesiveness of three gum systems at the same concentrations, but at higher concentrations, MGB mixes showed the least value of this property. Likewise hardness, maximum value of adhesiveness was associated with 0.55% GG mixes. The result is in agreement with the reported findings of other researches (Akalin et al., 2008).
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