On average, when spill overs were assumed to be identical across industries and firms, Girma, Greenway, and Wakelin found no significant evidence for them. However, when the effects were permitted to vary across industries, wage spill overs were found and were higher in industries where the productivity gap between foreign an domestic firms was lower. One way this study differs from our earlier research is that it excludes firms that changed ownership, thereby eliminating one way in which foreign ownership affects wages. The effects of shifts to foreign ownership had been found in an earlier study to be positive in the United Kingdom, as they were in Indonesia.