However, our series of studies revealed that several ways of using such software
were not sufficient to affect meaningful change in students’ misconceptions of
sampling distributions. Despite the ability of a software program to offer interactive,
dynamic visualizations, students tend to look for rules and patterns and rarely
understand the underlying relationships that cause the patterns they see. For
example, students noticed that the sampling distribution became narrower and more
normal as the sample size increased, but did not necessarily understand why this was
happening. Therefore, when asked to make predictions about plausible distributions
of samples for a given sample size, students would resort to rules, often
misremembered or applied inconsistently, rather than think through the process that
might have generated these distributions. As a result, we often noticed students’
confusion when asked to distinguish between the distribution of one sample of data
and the distribution of several sample means.
By experimenting with different ways of having students interact with a
specially designed simulation program, we have explored ways to more effectively
However, our series of studies revealed that several ways of using such software
were not sufficient to affect meaningful change in students’ misconceptions of
sampling distributions. Despite the ability of a software program to offer interactive,
dynamic visualizations, students tend to look for rules and patterns and rarely
understand the underlying relationships that cause the patterns they see. For
example, students noticed that the sampling distribution became narrower and more
normal as the sample size increased, but did not necessarily understand why this was
happening. Therefore, when asked to make predictions about plausible distributions
of samples for a given sample size, students would resort to rules, often
misremembered or applied inconsistently, rather than think through the process that
might have generated these distributions. As a result, we often noticed students’
confusion when asked to distinguish between the distribution of one sample of data
and the distribution of several sample means.
By experimenting with different ways of having students interact with a
specially designed simulation program, we have explored ways to more effectively
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