At each grade level, a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) tested the
hypotheses that students in the Montessori school had higher language arts and
mathematics achievement than students in magnet and traditional non-magnet schools. Planned contrasts were performed between the four school types at each grade level. Montessori was compared to Structured Magnet (SM), Open Magnet (OM), and Traditional Non-Magnet (TNM) schools on language arts and mathematics achievement. To control for demographic differences between students, demographic characteristics (gender, ethnicity, and SES) were used as covariates in all analyses.