force downwards creates an equal and opposing force upwards. Through the summation of forces, an athlete must make their centre of mass move upwards with force application downwards. Stepping down hard at the beginning for the jump, causes force from ankle joint to be applied to the plantar flexors, which then applies to the leg and knee extension and flexion muscles, through the primary hip flexors and secondary hip extensors, following primary and secondary shoulder muscles, wrist flexors and finally finger flexors. These forces are applied through the descent stage of the jump in muscle flexion, then the ascention extension, propulsion stage of the jump.