The second article details a study performed by Güzel and Berberoğlu investigating variables that were expected to be related to reading literacy and mathematical literacy skills. The authors used a linear structural modeling framework for the analysis of OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data for three nations performing at different levels—Brazil, Japan and Norway. The study found the strongest effect on reading literacy to be ‘communication with parent’ in Japan, ‘attitudes towards reading’ in Norway and the ‘use of technology’ in Brazil. The effect of educational resources, such as computers, on literacy were found to have no significant or weak but negative relationships in both Norway and Japan, suggesting the novelty effect that gradual introduction of technology may be having in Brazil. A second dissimilar finding was the positive influence of a self-disciplined lesson environment in Japan, whereas data from Brazil tended to demonstrate higher reading performance in a