This study is guided by the sociocultural theory which is based on the work of Vygotsky (1978), emphasizing the
important role of culture and context in constructing knowledge and enhancing meaningful learning. According to
this theory, individuals construct cognitive schemes through interactions and communication with each other;
meaningful learning occurs by engaging in social activities (Bryceson, 2007; Lemke, 2001). Potentially, MOOCs are
a platform for enhancing meaningful learning since participants from diverse nationalities and cultures can work
collaboratively in many activities such as: sharing knowledge in online forums, providing peer-assessment, and
working on a final project in small groups. However, not all MOOCs encourage teamwork and collaboration; many
still adhere to traditional teaching and individual learning.