Abstract—Cosmos caudatus, commonly known as ‘UlamRaja’ by the locals, belongs to the botanical family Asteraceae.The plant is traditionally used in Malaysia for many beneficialclaims such as for reducing body heat, as an anti-aging agent,improving blood circulation, promoting fresh breath,strengthening bone marrow and treating infections associatedwith pathogenic microorganisms. This study investigated theacute and subacute toxicity effects of C. caudatus, as per OECDGuidelines 423 for acute and 407 for subacute protocols.Haematological assessments as well as the body and organsweights of the rats were measured. For acute toxicity study, noevidence of toxicity attributable to the treatment was observedon behavioural pattern, haematological evaluation and organweight in both treated and control groups. A significant weightgained (p<0.05) in rats that received 5000 mg/kg extract wasobserved, however, gross examination of internal organsrevealed no detectable inflammation. For subacute toxicitystudy, there was a significant increased (p<0.05) in water intake(ml/day) in 250 and 500 mg/kg treated groups as compared withcontrol while food intake and weight gain are comparable in allgroups. A significant decreased (p<0.05) of lung and liverweights was observed in all treated groups while kidney weightof rats treated with 500 mg/kg of extract decreased significantlyas compared with control. Haematological evaluation showedno significant difference except for packed cell volume (PCV)that decreased significantly (p<0.05) among the treated groups.In addition, red blood cells (RBC) of both groups of rats thatreceived 250 and 500 mg/kg decreased significantly (p<0.05) ascompared to the control group. Meanwhile, white blood cells(WBC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration(MCHC) were significantly different (p<0.05) among those ratsthat received 125 and 500 mg/kg extracts, respectively, ascompared with control. The finding therefore revealed thatdifferent concentrations of the extract had induced differenttoxicity effects among the rats especially on subacute toxicitystudy. It is recommended that a comprehensive study to beconducted to ascertain the toxicity effects of C. caudatus onother biological parameters.
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