Modeling Framework
The cost-effectiveness analysis combined six connected components (Fig 1): a dynamic transmission
model, which defined infectious contacts within and between different age groups; an
epidemiological model, which used the transmission model to specify the number infected in
each age group at each time point; an observation model, which related the output of the epidemiological
model to influenza surveillance data; a vaccination model, which combined metaanalysis
of vaccine trial data with the transmission model and vaccination scenarios; a health