Annita Florou and Urska Kosi, ‘Does mandatory IFRS adoption facilitate debt financing?’, look at the effects of mandatory IFRS adoption on debt financing via bonds (public) andloans (private). Their paper covers the period 2000–2007. The bond sample is up to 920 issues and the loan sample is up to 1,406 arrangements. The mandatory IFRS adopters include non-EU companies, which in two of the tests provide 27% and 32% of the respective samples. However, the authors also perform some tests that distinguish EU from non-EU IFRS adopters. Mandatory adopters are compared with benchmark samples from non-IFRS countries – the majority in all cases from the US, but with large samples also in some cases from Japan.