Objectives: To describe the current recommendations on the best management of pediatric
patients with acute diarrheal disease.
Data source: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar.
Data summary: There has been little progress in the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) in
recent decades, despite being widely reported by international guidelines. Several studies have
been performed to improve the effectiveness of ORS. Intravenous hydration with isotonic saline
solution, quickly infused, should be given in cases of severe dehydration. Nutrition should be
ensured after the dehydration resolution, and is essential for intestinal and immune health.
Dietary restrictions are usually not beneficial and may be harmful. Symptomatic medications
have limited indication and antibiotics are indicated in specific cases, such as cholera and
moderate to severe shigellosis.
Conclusions: Hydration and nutrition are the interventions with the greatest impact on the
course of acute diarrhea.
© 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved
Objectives: To describe the current recommendations on the best management of pediatricpatients with acute diarrheal disease.Data source: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar.Data summary: There has been little progress in the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) inrecent decades, despite being widely reported by international guidelines. Several studies havebeen performed to improve the effectiveness of ORS. Intravenous hydration with isotonic salinesolution, quickly infused, should be given in cases of severe dehydration. Nutrition should beensured after the dehydration resolution, and is essential for intestinal and immune health.Dietary restrictions are usually not beneficial and may be harmful. Symptomatic medicationshave limited indication and antibiotics are indicated in specific cases, such as cholera andmoderate to severe shigellosis.Conclusions: Hydration and nutrition are the interventions with the greatest impact on thecourse of acute diarrhea.© 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved
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