statistical correlation of the cognitive process and BOLD or EEG signal change could be detected. This allows precise understanding of the neural computation of the cognitive process,which goes beyond mere ‘activation’ or ‘response’ of brain areas reported by traditional neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies (O’Doherty et al., 2007). Further, the combined model-based fMRI-EEG allows more advanced simultaneous analysis c]tof spatio-temporal dynamics of the computation (Larsen andO’Doherty, 2014).