1. By inhibition of pathogen adhesion to GI epithelial tissue by blocking carbohydrate-binding adhesins on bacteria;
2. By stimulation of immunocompetent cells in Peyer's patches, large lymphatic tissues located in the mucous lining of small intestine and subsequent activation of innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. Boosting of mucosal immunity leads to general protection of animal health and productivity;
3. By adsorbing mycotoxins in feed and inhibiting their toxic action.