Baseline characteristics and information regarding randomization of participants in CORONA and GISSI-HF have been published previously; baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. 15,16 As expected, CORONA participants differed from GISSI-HF participants in that they tended to be older and had only systolic heart failure of an ischemic aetiology. The NYHA class of heart failure of CORONA patients tended to be higher than that of GISSI-HF, and CORONA participants were also more likely to have a history of myocardial infarction and stroke.