The sperm concentration was found to be significantly reduced in low-dose (2.45 _ 0.26 9 106 ml _1, P < 0.001), medium-dose (1.95 _ 0.23 9 106 ml_1, P < 0.001) andhigh-dose (1.49 _ 0.22 9 106 ml_1, P < 0.001) resveratrol-treated groups as compared to control (3.44 _0.25 9 106 ml_1) (Fig. 1b). Thus, the decrease in sperm concentration was also found to be dose dependent.