2.4. CONTROL STRUCTURE DESIGN (THE MATHEMATICALLY ORIENTED
APPROACH)
they indicate that theory on partial control may be useful), (3) Processes with recycle. They
also welcome computer-aided tools, better education and good new test problems.
The book by Balchen and Mumm´e (1988) attempts to combine process and control
knowledge, and to use this to design control systems for some common unit operations and
also consider plantwide control. The book provides many practical examples, but there is
little in terms of analysis tools or a systematic framework for plantwide control.
The book “Integrated process control and automation” by Rijnsdorp (1991), contains several subjects that are relevant here. Part II in the book is on optimal operation. He distinguishes between two situations, sellers marked (maximize production) and buyers marked (produce a given amount at lowest possible cost). He also has a procedure for design of an optimizing control system.
Loe (1994) presents a systematic way of looking at plants with the focus is on functions.The author covers “qualitative” dynamics and control of important unit operations.
van de Wal and de Jager (1995) list several criteria for evaluation of control structure
design methods: generality, applicable to nonlinear control systems, controller-independent,
direct, quantitative, efficient, effective, simple and theoretically well developed. After reviewing they conclude that such a method does not exist.
The book by Skogestad and Postlethwaite (1996) has two chapters on controllability
analysis and one chapter on control structure design. Particularly in chapter 10 there is some
topics, which are relevant for plantwide control, among them are partial control and selfoptimizing control (a term introduced later).
The coming monograph by Ng and Stephanopoulos (1998a) deals almost exclusively
with plantwide control.
The book by Luyben et al. (1998) has collected much of Luyben’s practical ideas and
summarized them in a clear manner. The emphasis is on case studies.
There also exists a large body of system-theoretic literature within the field of large-scalesystems, but most of it has little relevance to plantwide control. One important exception is the book by Findeisen et al. (1980) on “Control and coordination in hierarchical systems”
which probably deserves to be studied more carefully by the process control community.