The twin objectives of auditing and monitoring are to determine whether internal programs and controls are designed and
operating effectively, and to determine whether deficiencies are resolved in a timely manner. Unlike auditing, monitoring
involves a system of activities that provide ;m organization with a self-appraisal of its control system s performance: they are implemented to help ensure that internal controls operate effectively. Monitoring activities differ from auditing because they consist of a real-time evaluation and are usually conducted by an operational supervisor,rather than intemal auditors who examine past activities. These monitoring efforts are not meant to function as a separate exercise outside of reguhir operations, but should be built into the fabric of the organization's operational activities.