To determine whether overall
improvement occurred in the subject's
gait following treatment, standardized
scores were derived (pretest minus
posttest divided by one standard
deviation of their mean). The standard
scores were then summed and averaged
for each group of variables to obtain a
group standardized score. A total
standardized score was assessed by
averaging the subject's summed group
scores. Overall improvement existed
when a subject's total standardized score
was greater than one standard deviation
from the mean (Fig. 1). We based
statistical analysis of total standardized
scores on a one-tailed t test. If
significance was found in either of the
posttests, one-tailed t tests were used on
group standardized scores at a
significance level of .01, based on the
Sidak equation.18
Those groups that
showed significant gains were further
analyzed using one-tailed t tests on
individual variables. An analysis of
variance (ANOVA) for repeated