Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) measurement was performed
using a DSC-204F1 (Netzsch, Bavarian, Germany). Potato
starch (5 mg each) with charge-carrying amino acids (0.2 mol/kg
on a starch weight basis) was weighed and placed into aluminum
DSC pan. Distilled water (10 lL) was then added to each pan.
Empty pan was served as a reference. The cells were equilibrated
at 30 C and then heated to 100 C at 10 C/min. The onset, peak,
and conclusion temperatures (T0, Tp, and Tc) with gelatinization
enthalpy (DH) were obtained.