The PVA adsorbed on the surface
of sodium kaolinite particles causes partial dispersion of the kaolinite in the aqueous suspension;
however, mg/g of PVA adsorption or even lower (mg/g) is not able to fully impede the association of
kaolinite particles.[22] The schematic diagrams to illustrate the adsorbed conformation of the PVA is
shown in Figure 7a.