Fifty-nine 18–50 year old non-smoking men and women were recruited using flyers posted around the University at Buffalo campus. They visited the laboratory 3 times between the hours of 11:00 am and 2:00 pm with each visit separated by 1–4 days. The first laboratory visit involved reading and signing consent forms, completing a demographic questionnaire, assessing 24 hour dietary intake, and testing olfactory and taste functioning (see below). On the second and third visits, participants had the reinforcing value of food tested. At the end of the final visit, participants completed eating behavior questionnaires and had height and weight measurements taken. Participants were then debriefed about the purpose of the study and payment was provided.