alleles model (IAM) and stepwise mutation model (SMM).
Kimura & Crow (1964) showed 4
N
e
μ
=
H
E
/(1
−
H
E
) following
IAM assumptions, and Ohta & Kimura (1973) showed
that under equilibrium conditions and assuming the SMM,
heterozygosity is related to
N
e
as 8
N
e
μ
= [1/(1
−
H
E
)
2
−
1].
A mutation rate of 10
−
4
for all loci was chosen for these
calculations based on direct observations (Chakraborty &
Kimmel 1999).